Considering Making Soap At Home & American Soap Making As Our Hobbies
The art of making soaps has been, in a measure, known and followed for many ages, proving a source of industry and advantage to various nations and individuals. It may therefore interest some of our readers if we attempt to trace its origin and progress as indicated by the writings of the earlier authors. Pliny, for instance, the Roman historian, informs us that the art of manufacturing soap is the invention of the Gauls, and that the best article made by them was a combination of goats’ tallow and the ashes of the beech-tree. They also seem to have been acquainted with both hard and soft soaps.
The Romans eventually acquired the knowledge of american soap making from the Gauls, by whom this branch of industry was, with their conquests, soon spread over Europe. Whoever may have been the originators of soap making, the Romans were undoubtedly familiar with it. Galen, at least, mentions it in his works, and confirmatory of this statement, we may add that a soap maker’s shop, with its utensils and products, was discovered among the ruins and ashes of Pompeii, which was destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in the first century of the Christian era. Soap was often used by the Romans as a cosmetic, for Pliny tells us that soap, with which the Germans colored their hair red, was imported into Rome for the use of the fashionable ladies and their gallants in that city. This cosmetic was probably tinged with the juice of a plant.
Moving on from talking about cold process soap making and before we recur further to less remote times, we will endeavor to answer the question, “What substitutes were employed previous to the invention of soap?” Soap, both hard and soft, as it is well known, is produced by the union of the fats and the alkalis; by hard soap, we mean such as have soda, and by soft soap is understood that which has potassa for its basis. Water alone will not remove oily substances from any surfaces to which they may adhere, but a solution of soap, being always more or less alkaline, though its constituents may be united in their number of equivalents, will, nevertheless, render the oil freely miscible with water, so that it can be easily erased. A similar effect is produced by using a mixture of water and lixivious salts. The gall of animals and the juice of certain plants, also possess the property of removing dust and dirt, It does not, however, appear that gall was employed by the ancients, but it is certain that in washing they used saponaceous plants.